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ITG 

ITG-Fachbericht 165 

Displays and Vacuum Electronics

Frankfurt 

ITG-Fachtagung, 2.-3. Mai 2001, Garmisch-Partenkirchen,

Wissenschaftliche Tagungsleitung:

Prof. Dr. J. Mitterauer, Technische Universität Wien, Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Lüder, Universität Stuttgart


Contents

Materials for OLEDs

Highly Polarized Polymer Light Emitting Diodes
T. Miteva, G. Nelles, A. Yasuda, Sony International (Europe) GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany; A. Meisel, H. G. Nothofer, U. Scherf, W. Knoll, Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany; D. Neher, Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik, Potsdam, Germany
17
Organic-Lanthanide Backlights
J. Pommerehne, M. Halim, N. Conway, J. Burrage, J. Pillow, K. Look, A. Mosely, Opsys Ltd., Yarnton, Oxford, UK
23
Development of New Emitting Materials for Display Applications Based on Organic Light Emitting Diodes
A. Hunze, M. Scheffel, J. Birnstock, J. Blässing, A. Winnacker, Siemens AG, Erlangen und Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften VI, Erlangen, Germany; J. Schumann, M. Stössel, A. Kanitz, W. Rogler, G. Wittmann, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany
27
Temperature Stability and Efficiency of White, Blue and Green OLEDs using Amorphous Spiro Compounds
H. Vestweber, H. Becker, A. Büsing, O. Gelsen, S. Heun, E. Kluge, W. Kreuder, H. Schenk, H. Spreitzer, P. Stößel, K. Treacher, Covion Organic Semiconductors GmbH, Frankfurt/M. Germany
31
OLED Matrix Displays: Fabrication and Characterisation
W. Kowalsky, E. Becker, T. Benstem, H.-H. Johannes, D. Metzdorf, H. Neuner, J. Schöbel, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, TU Braunschweig, Germany
37

Travelling Wave Tubes and Klystrons I

High-Power Microwave Tubes, Operating at 50 MHz to 200 GHz
G. Faillon, Thomson Tubes Electroniques, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
43
Design of the Pitch Profile for High Linearity Helix TWT Amplifiers
R. O. Jenkins, R. G. Carter, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
49
An Improved Equivalent Circuit Model of Folded-Waveguide Slow-Wave Structures
R. G. Carter, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
55
Technological Improvements in the Manufacturing of High Power RF and Microwave Tubes
Ch. Lievin, G. LeGloarec, Thomson Tubes Electroniques, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
61
3-D-Simulation of Asymmetric Multistage Depressed Collectors with Secondary Electron Emission Effects for High Efficiency Space TWTs
T. K. Ghosh, R.G. Carter, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
67

Liquid Crystal Materials

Liquid Crystal Material Development for Supertwisted Nematic (STN) Displays
H. Hirschmann, B. Rieger, V. Reiffenrath Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany
73
Properties of Photo-alignment Materials for TFT- and LcoS applications
H. Seiberle, M. Schadt, ROLIC Research Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
77
Induction of Chiral Nematics for Display Application
S. Kuschel, H. Zaschke, MLS GmbH, Leuna, M. Bauer, C. Boeffel, Fraunhofer Institut IZM, Tetlow, Germany
83
Discotic Lyoinesphases – New Material for Electro-optical Applications?
G. Hauck, G. Heppke, D. Kruerke, H. Sawade, TU Berlin, Germany
89

Travelling Wave Tubes and Klystrons II

Inductive Output Tubes – History and Present Status
H. Bohlen, CPI Wireless Solutions, Palo Alto, USA
93
Very High Power Satellite TWT in Ku-Band up to 300 W
R. A. Nunn, E. Bosch, H. Seidel, Thomson Tubes Electroniques GmbH (TTEG), Ulm, Germany
99
60 GHz TWTs for Intersatellite Links
E. Bosch, W. Gerum, H. Vogt, P. Malzahn, K. Schneider, Thomson Tubes Electroniques GmbH (TTEG), Ulm, Germany
105
Oscillatory Mechanism of Ion Density Maintenance in TWTs
A. V. Arkhipov, N. V. Dvoreskaya, G. G. Sominski, St. Petersburg State Technical University, Russia
109

Liquid Crystal Displays I

Microdisplays: A Cost-Effective Technology for High-Resolution Displays
A. van Calster, ELIS-TFGC/IMEC, University of Ghent, Belgium
115
Printed LCDs with Flexible Plastic Substrates and Laminated Cells
M. Randler, V. Frey, J. Brill, E. Lueder, University of Stuttgart, Germany
121
Ionic Effects in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays on Plastic Substrates and Addressing of FLCDs for Various Applications
V. Frey, E. Lueder, M. Randler, J. Brill, F. Pieralisi, University of Stuttgart, Germany
127
Layout and Mechanical Properties of a Bistable Smart Card Display
J. Brill, M. Randler, V. Frey, E. Lueder, University of Stuttgart, Germany
133

Gyrotrons I

Problems and Advances of High Power Gyrotrons
V. E. Zapevalov, Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
133
1 MW, 140 GHz, CW Gyrotron for Wendelstein 7-X
G. Dammertz, A. Arnold, E. Borie, S. Illy, W. Leonhardt, B. Piosczyk, M. Schmid, M. Thumm, FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany; V. Erckmann, T. H. Laqua, G. Michel, IPP, Greifswald, Germany; W. Förster, G. Gantenbein, W. Kasparek, G. Müller, Universität Stuttgart, Germany; P. Garin, R. Magne, CEA/Cadarache, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France; E. Giguet, G. Le Cloarec, Y. Le Goff, Thomson Tubes Electroniques, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France; S. Alberti, M. Q. Tran, Centre de Recherche en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Suisse
137
Advanced High Power Gyrotron for Fusion Applications
B. Piosczyk, A. Arnold, G. Dammertz, S. Illy; M. Kuntze, K. Koppenburg, M. Schmid, M. Thumm, FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany; O. Dumbrajs, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
143
Natural Scheme of Electron Beam Energy Recovery in Coaxial Gyrotron
V. I. Khizhnyak, V. N. Manuilov, A. B. Pavelyev; V. E. Zapevalov, Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
149
Observations of Non-Stationary Behaviour in Electron Cyclotron Masers
K. Ronald, A. D. R. Phelps, A. W. Cross, W. He, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
153

Equipment for Measurement and Manufacture

Next Generation TFT Array Testing
M. Brunner, AKT Electron Beam Technology, Feldkirchen, Germany
163
Sputter Technology for Displays
G. Bräuer, Fraunhofer-Institut für Elektronenstrahl- und Plasmatechnik, Dresden, Fraunhofer-Institut für Schicht- und Oberflächentechnik, Braunschweig, Germany
169
New Large Area Mask Aligner for the Lithography of Large Panels
R. Wijnaendts-van-Resandt, H. J. B Marsman; H. Latzel, C. Buchner, Heidelberg Instruments, Heidelberg, Germany
173

Gyrotrons II

Development and Applications of Submillimeter Wave Gyrotrons (FU Series)
T. Idehara, I. Ogawa, S. Mitsudo, S. Sabchevski, N. Aripin, K. Kitai, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan
177
Influence of Trapped Electrons on Gyrotron Efficiency
M. I. Airila, O. Dumbrajs, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
183
Conceptual Studies of Different Collector Coil Concepts for High Power CW Gyrotrons
S. Illy, G. Dammertz, FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany; S. Alberti, S. Péquiot, Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland
189
A Broadband, Efficient, Gyrotron Amplifier
A. D. R. Phelps, A. W. Cross, W. He, K. Ronald, C. G. Whyte, A. R. Young, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland; V. L. Bratman, C. G. Denisov, S. V. Samsonov, Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
193

Liquid Crystal Displays II

Stability and Uniformity of LFPS TFT for AMLCD using High-Energy-Excimer-Laser System
D. Zahorski, Sopra, Bois-Colombes, France
199
Polysilicon Thin Film Transistors for Flat Panel Displays: Effect of the Solid Phase and Laser Crystallizations on the Electrical Performances
O. Bonnaud, T. Mohammed-Brahim, F. Raoult, M. Sarret, Groupe de Microélectronique et Visualisation, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
203
An Elasto-Mechanic Investigation on Structure Distortion during the Processing of AMLCDs on Plastic Substrates
S. Polach, E. Lueder, University of Stuttgart, Germany
209
Analysis of a TFT-LCD Drive Scheme with Modulated Front Plane
H.-U. Lauer, Borg Instruments, Remchingen, Germany
213

Electron Emission and Cathodes I

Accelerated Life Tests of Oxide Cathodes
G. Gärtner, P. Janiel, K. Schlageter, D. Raasch, Philips Research Laboratories, Aachen, Germany; P. van der Heide, S. Jenkins, Philips Display Components, Blackburn, UK
219
Field Emission of Ba Dispenser Cathodes
G. Gärtner, P. Geittner, D. Raasch, Philips Research Laboratories, Aachen, Germany
225
Study of Surface Properties of Cathode Nickel Using Various Surface Analytical Techniques
St. N. Jenkins, W. Johnstone, P. v.d. Heide, Philips Components, Blackburn, UK; P. Rommers, Philips CFT Materials Analysis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
231
Surface Analysis of Thermionic Ba Dispenser Cathodes under UHV Conditions and during Ion Bombardment
R. Cortenrad, A. W. Denier van der Gon, H. H. Brongersma, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; G. Gärtner, D. Raasch, Philips Research Laboratories, Aachen, Germany; A. Manenschijn, Philips Components, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
237

OLED Displays

Benchmarking OLED-LCD
J. Wahl, Optrex Europe GmbH, Babenhausen, Germany
243
Exposure Equipment for OLED and LCD Production
J. Kiesewetter, Karl Süss, Dresden, Germany
249

Electron Emission and Cathodes II

Electron Emission of Silicon Tip Arrays and Carbon Materials
G. Müller, Bergische Universität Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Germany
255
Al and Mg Based Compounds on Oxide Cathode Base Metal Surface
F. Poret, J. M. Roquais, R. le Doze, M. Paul, Thomson Multimedia, Genlis, France, P. Dufour, A. Steinbrunn, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
257
Generation of Bunched Beam with Field Emitter Structures
O. Yilmazoglu, K. Mutamba, H. Hartnagel, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany; H. Mimura, K. Okamura, H. Shimawaki, K. Yokoo, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
263
Fullerene Coverages Formation on Tungsten Tip Surface at High Electric Fields
T. A. Tumareva, G. G. Sominski, A. S. Polyakov, St. Petersburg State Technical University, Russia
269

Applications and Special Solutions

Display Technology for Automotive Applications
B. Straub, DaimlerChrysler AG, Stuttgart, Germany
275
Automotive Applications of OLEDs
P. Radojkovic, BMW AG, München, Germany
279
High Voltage Driver for Cholesteric LCDs (+ Demo)
J. Doutreloigne, H. de Smet, IMEC (Belgium); R. Klappert, J. Grupp, Asulab, Switzerland
283
Flat Illuminator for Reflecting Prints and Screens
U. Fischer, Darmstadt, Germany
289

Electron Beam Devices, Switches, Electric Space Propulsion

Survey of Electron Beam Technologies at FEP
G. Mattausch, J. Dänhard, A. Reichmann, H. Morgner, O. Röder, R. Bartel, Fraunhofer-Institute Electron Beam and Plasma Technology, Dresden, Germany
291
Design and Application of Pulsed Electron Beam Facility GESA for Surface Treatment of Materials
H. Bluhm, G. Müller, G. Schumacher, D. Strauss, F. Zimmermann, FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany; V. Engelko, Efremov Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, St. Petersburg, Russia
309
On Criteria about Optimized Contact Systems in Vacuum Interrupters
R. Renz, Siemens AG, Berlin
315
Improved Protective Spark Gaps
G. V. Ivanchenko, O. Y. Maslennikov, V. A. Smirnov, SSPE , Moscow, Russia
319
A New Concept for Electric Propulsion: First Results of a Feasibility Study
G. Kornfeld, W. Schwertfeger, G. Coustou, Thomson Tubes Electroniques GmbH (TTEG), Ulm, Germany
323

Emitting Displays and Measurement

Future Prospect on Color Plasma Displays
H. Uchiike, SAGA University, Saga, Japan
331
Outgassing from CRT Shadow Mask and Phosphor Coating caused by Electron Bombardment
M. Koitabashi, Kanazawa Ins. of Technology, Isikawa, M. Yamamoto, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
337
Contrast Measurement of Reflective Displays
J. Neumeier, J. Lauer, Autronic-Melchers GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany
341

Applications and Materials

The ECRH System for JET-EP
A. G. A. Verhoeven, FOM-Institute for Plasmaphysics, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
345
The Absorption Investigation in CVD-Diamond Disks and Windows at 40-300 GHz
V. V. Parshin, E. V. Koposova, S. E. Myasnikova, S. N. Vlasov, Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
351
MPACVD Diamond Discs Characterized as Window Components for Megawatt Gyrotrons
R. Heidinger, A. Meier, M. Thumm, A. Arnold, FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany
357
Application of Higher Frequency Microwaves for Composite Materials Heating/Processing
L. Feher, M. Thumm, FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany
363

Poster Session

Displays
A Layout for AMLCDs with High Aperture Ratio and Suppressed Crosstalk
J. Egelhaaf, University of Stuttgart, Germany
369
Point-Dispenser Cathode for Electron Guns of Novel Displays
O. G. Ivanov, B. V. Katsnelson, O. Y. Maslennikov, A. A. Tymonin, SSPE , Moscow, Russia
373
Deposition of Magnesium Oxide with Reactive Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering Technology
C. Peters, Fraunhofer Institut für Elektronenstrahl- und Plasmatechnik, Dresden, Germany
379
A Reflective Vertically Aligned AMLCD for LCOS
J. Ullmann, University of Stuttgart, Germany
381

Vacuum Electronics
Low Frequency Travelling Wave Tubes for Satellite Application
P. Ehret, A. Jäger, E. Seppelfeld, Thomson Tubes Electroniques GmbH (TTEG), Ulm, Germany
385
Simulation of Klystron-Type Devices
A. V. Tregubov, Saint-Petersburg State Electrical Engineering University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
391
Modulations and Stabilizations of Submillimeter Wave Gyrotrons
I. Ogawa, T. Idehara, T. Okada, S. Maeda, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan
395
Development of Microwave Tubes Using Electron Beam’s Transverse Waves
V. Savvin, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
399
Gyrotron Mode Converter System
A. Arnold, G. Dammertz, M. Thumm, FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany
401
Analysis of the Influence of the Geometrical Parameters of Gyrotron Coaxial Cavities with Corrugated Inner Conductor Based on the Method of Moments
J.-Y. Raguin, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg, Germany
407
Cathodes with Special Characteristics for Super High Power Electron Devices
V. A. Smirnov, SSPE , Moscow, Russia
409
Electron Sources with Pre-Defined Emissive Properties
V. A. Smirnov, Y. S. Sudakov, SSPE , Moscow, Russia
411
Getter Pumps on the Base of Evaporable and Non-Evaporable Materials for Modern CRTs and High Power Electron Vacuum Devices
A. I. Volchkevich, M. E. Voroshilin, V. N. Ilin, E.V. Kopytov, A. A. Lobanov, O. Y. Maslenikov, V. S. Chekanov, SSPE , Moscow, Russia
413
Scandium Multi-Layer Monolith Cathode
D. A. Kabanov, O. Y. Maslennikov, V. K. Popov, SSPE , Moscow, Russia
417
Directly Heated Impregnated Cathodes
A. A. Kornyukhin, A. A. Luchin, O. Y. Maslennikov, SSPE , Moscow, Russia
419
Formation of Microclusters with Ordered Structures in Fullerene Coverages of Field Emitters
T. A. Tumareva, G. G. Sominski, A. S .Polyakov, St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
421
Optical and Structural Properties of Nanostructured C60-Hg Films
E. Czerwosz, T. Grycuk, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland; P. Dluzewski, Institute of Physics PASc., Warsaw, Poland
425
New Method for Creation of Quasi-Chaotic Wide-Band Microwave Radiation
G. G. Sominski, S. V. Voskresenski, St. Petersburg State Technical University, Russia
439
Developmental Studies on High Power Thyratrons at CEERI, Pilani, India
H. K. Dwivedi, V. V. P. Singh, M. S. Tyagi, P. Soni, B. L. Meena, S. Muthuraj, Industrial Tubes Group, CEERI, Pilani, India